Here are two examples of hybrids/LRCN bonds we own, and why.
First off, TransCanada Pipelines, or TC Energy now. Their 2077 hybrid bond, with a coupon of 4.65% were issued in 2017. Hybrid bonds have value for companies because rating agencies assign them partial equity value, which in turn helps with their debt ratios. But, after their first call date (typically 5 or 10 years after issuance), they start to lose that equity value, giving issuers a very strong incentive to call them at that first call date. At a price of about $89 and a call date of May 2027, we find these TRP hybrid bonds very attractive. Their current yield is only 5.2%, but over the next 3.5 years, we will also make our way back to $100, from a $89 starting point, yielding 8.5% to call.
Another example of a low coupon/price security is TD 3.6% 2081. LRCN, by contrast to hybrids, do not lose equity value over their lifetime, so the decision to call them (they are callable every 5 years) is purely economic: could the bank issue a new LRCN in the market at a cheaper rate? Because of their very low coupon, they trade at a very low price, around $70, giving them a current yield of about 5.1%. Nothing to write home about. But the bank can call it (yield-to-call 17%), or let the coupon reset in October 2026, at a rate of 5-year Canada Bonds + 2.75%, which would be a coupon of about 5.9%, or a current yield of 8.4% at the current price. That is too high a current yield, versus what the bank could issue in the market, so we believe that the price will move higher, as we get closer to the call date. If not, we will own TD bank risk with an 8.4% cash yield. Not a bad outcome.
With a 22% to 28% weight in very low-priced, high-quality (average rating investment grade) hybrid and LRCN bonds, in the context of otherwise very defensive portfolios, we believe that we are maintaining exposure to a very cheap segment of the market, that will definitely enhance returns as we move closer to those call dates, with potential for nice price upside.
Building Block 3: Government Bonds for Ballast
It is common knowledge that, in risk-off environments, there is a flight to safety, and investors typically converge towards long and intermediate term government bonds, with the expectation that longer-term interest rates will decline, and that they will realize capital gains on their 10 and 30-year government bonds. Figure 5 below puts this into perspective. We show the yield on the 30-year U.S. government bond, along with the net decline in the yield during recessions (shaded), from peak to trough.
The chart below illustrates this. Historically, in recession, long bonds yields rally in the range of 0.8% to 4.7%, with the largest declines in yield following the largest and steepest increases. We hold no crystal ball, but the most recent sell-off would certainly rival, from a historical perspective, the 1980s.